Bumrungrad International Hospital

TEAM Pangaea Vanguard Hospital IT Infrastructure: Problems, and Implementations Prepared For A]. Therapy Piccalilli Dry. Scripps Planking's An Daddy Honorable English Instructors Prepared By Terrace Tiramisu Eukaryote Lackawanna Chauncey Returnable's Picaroon Running Natal Superpose Contents Introduction There is no doubt that technology has become a great part in our lives, and the importance of it is admittedly increasing as time passes by. The longer the time passed, the more essential technology will be toward our dally routines.When It comes to Information Technology or IT, It Is hard to believe that there Is someone out here who did not actually know about IT. The definition of IT, according to Walked, Is simply the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other computer or the network of computers, but it includes all the technologies that help distributing the information, for instance, televisions and telephones.Therefore, there are actually a bunch of industries related to information technology, no matter if they are computer hardware and software, internet, e-commerce and other computer-based services. As same as technology, IT has been developing continuously during the past years and the range of the applications is getting wider and wider day by day. Nowadays, many companies adapted the IT system into their company as the communication is the key in developing a successful organization. With the help of IT system, people inside the organization could communicate with each other faster, easier, and more reliable.The loss of communication, or even a small glitch in the communication process, might slow down the decision making process which, in some cases, could mean the termination of the company itself. In comparison, if any company has a good IT system in their possession, the company could accomplish so much beyond imagination; the company m ight be capable of working more systematically and have the upper hand in the competition. Thus, the IT system is considered one of many significant factors in bringing more revenue to a company and guaranteeing the well-being of a company as well.From the vision of the executive manager of Vanguard Hospital, the economy of Thailand could be substantially developed which the results could be seen in the near future. As a consequence, they gathered all the people involved in the placement of the hospital and came up with the plan for the business in order to make sure that the hospital has the capability to handle the continuous growth in the amount of patients in each year in effective manner. For the current situation, it seems like it is the best opportunity for the IT to save the day†¦Company Description Vanguard Hospital Public Company Limited (the â€Å"Company') runs a famous private hospital business in Bangkok, Vanguard Hospital. The hospital was established in 17th Se ptember 1980 in the form of private hospital on Summit Road, which is considered as one of many business districts in Bangkok. In an average of 1. 1 million patients (both inpatients and outpatients) were accommodated by this hospital annually; about half of the figure is foreigners from over 190 countries globally. In the past 2013, the company earned around 14,651 million baht from the given services.The hospital started in 1980 with 200-bed facility with 90 million Thai baht investment. Currently, the hospital has approximately 580 authorized bed and support the total capacity of over 5,500 outpatients daily. On the 1st January 1997, the ewe main facility building named â€Å"Bandager International† was first utilized. The 12-storey building is known to be the largest private hospital compound in Southeast Asia which is equipped with underground parking lot and the international standard rooftop helipad for helicopter landing. Later on, in 2008, the outpatient clinic facil ity was opened.This outpatient clinic facility is a 21 -storey building with a parking lot that supports about 700 cars, spacious sky lobby on the 10th floor for business negotiation, international medical cooperation, and even visa extension services, and extensive range of sophisticated medical equipment. The cashier and the pharmacy customers. Moreover, other than Wi-If, LCD directories, and TV's, there is also an automated lab so provided faster and more liable results allowing the doctors to access the customers' files from inside their exam rooms.With the utmost concern about the quality of the health care services given by the hospital, this company pays extra attention in the process of recruiting the physicians and staffs. Presently, there are more than 4,800 employees, 1,200 internationally certified doctors and dentists, and 900 nurses working inside the hospital. Since the company has been kicked off, the company has been continuously providing complete healthcare servic es for both inpatients and outpatients with extra precautions.Taken all of dedication into account, there is no question that this company is one of the leading health care providers in Thailand and in Southeast Asia. According to Oversimplifications. Com, Vanguard Hospital is considered one of the world's popular medical tourism destinations. In the past 2012, the hospital serviced about 520,000 international patients who seek for high quality, International standard services, and the lower cost healthcare. Vanguard Hospital is the first Thai candidate that received the US standard certification from Joint Commission International OIC Accreditation).The hospital has also been given the Chic's Clinical Care Program Certification (CAP) for specialties programs including the Primary Stroke Program, Acute Myocardial Infarction, Diabetes Mellitus Type I and II and Chronic Kidney Disease Stage I to ‘V. Other than that, the hospital also received many accreditations from many other famous institutions in both international and domestic levels, including the Thai Hospital Accreditation (HA). The company later Joined the public market and being enlisted on the Stock Exchange of Thailand in 1989.The majority shareholders in the hospital can be classified into companies in Thailand and other countries such as Bangkok Dusts Medical Services Public Company Limited, Bangkok Insurance Public Company Limited, Bangkok Bank Public Company Limited and the Sycophantic family, which is one of Thailand leading business families, Limited, and HASH (Singapore) Nominees Pete Ltd. Mission, Principle, and Policy The hospital was established with the main objective to make sure the world class tankard healthcare service would be provided to the customers with care and compassion.It has been operating with the following principles: 1 . Strive to exceed our customer's expectations 2. Committed to our Medical and Hospital staffs welfare, education, training and development. 3. Contin uously improve the safety and quality of the services. 4. Strive for professional excellence and innovation in the services. 5. Embrace cultural diversity with Thai hospitality. 6. Strive to make the services† World Class†. 7. Being trustworthy, honest, and act ethically in all the dealings 8. Work as a team ND share what is known. 9. Highly value the corporate social responsibilities (CARS) 10.Operate in an environmentally responsible manner. After reading the points above, it might seem like all the company thinking is about themselves, but actually, the company has also been operating with the global environment and conserve energy and natural resources. To make sure that the environment will be properly preserved, the hospital maintains a serious aim to follow the regulation enacted by the government and the world standards. Moreover, the hospital is also very careful about the water management system to prevent the eater streams nearby the hospital from getting poll uted and affect the neighboring community.Corporate Social Responsibility (CARS) Corporate Social Responsibility (CARS), in a nutshell, is the responsibility towards the society and the environment of an organization. In other words, CARS is a systematic management under good morals, which leads to a sustainable development of an organization. For Vanguard Hospital, the Vanguard Hospital Foundation (UHF) was set up in May 1990 as the CARS of the company. The UHF is a registered non-profit foundation founded by the founders of Vanguard International Hospital.The foundation is involved in many charitable activities for those unprivileged Thai citizen all around the country who did not receive a proper healthcare services with the intention to promote their well-being and to give them proper knowledge of being healthy. Any donation made to this foundation can be used to reduce the tax (tax-deductible). Recent fund-raising programs and activities of this foundation are as follows: 1 . 5 0 Pediatric Heart Surgeries: This is a follow up campaign after the 72 Pediatric Heart Surgeries. In this campaign, 50 unprivileged people will be selected to get the heart surgery without being charged a single baht. 72 Pediatric Heart Surgeries 3. â€Å"Mend-A-Broken Heart† Charity Heart Surgeries: This campaign was established in 2001. In cooperation between UHF and other business entities, 20 unprivileged people were selected to get free heart surgery. 4. Thompson Fund Mobile Free Clinic: The UHF and Thompson Fund cooperatively sent out mobile free clinic to give medical care to 100,000 people in underprivileged area. 5. Charity Medical Relief: The UHF and the Bangkok Insurance Company work together to send out the officers to help many people in Saxon angora and Musician province every single year.They also introduce them to more Job opportunity and offer them chances to improve their quality of life. 6. Patients in Need: The foundation offers the financial aids to those who are in need of medical assistance but cannot afford the medical treatments. Other than offering decent healthcare to those who are unprivileged, the foundation also aids those people in the field of education by giving them proper education, training, and also scholarships for children with insufficient budget. This foundation gets the money from the donations received from the patients of the hospital, other business entities, and even each individual person.Anyhow, the foundation does not only rely on the donations but also fund-raisin events and charitable art exhibitions. Additionally, the UHF also concern about those who are underprivileged in other countries as they have started charity such as, eyes operation for Laos kid who got a piece of the bomb embedded in the eyeball. Current Status, Direction, and Goals Judging from the information above, it can be clearly seen that the status of this company is on the rising trend with increasing number of patients in each year.I t seems like the longer humans live in this cruel world, the more â€Å"natural selection† is Charles Darwin which simply implies that only the strongest will survive. More people are getting infected by some new diseases that no one has ever seen before. In fact, it is undeniable that no matter how strong a person is, everyone needs to be treated by doctors even once in a blue moon. Thus, the healthcare provider as Vanguard Hospital is becoming more and more profitable compared to other good or service providers.This is the main reason why Vanguard Hospital is keeping on developing the hospital to provide better healthcare services to those who needed to be treated. Position in the Strategic Impact Grid The Development of Vanguard Hospital's IT System In the year 1997: The hospital was facing trouble as Thailand faced the economic crisis as it affects the middle class people which are considered the main customer base of the hospital. Thus, all the people chose the hospital that is operated by the government with lower payment.Under the circumstances, the hospital saw the opportunity to expand the customer base to international level. At the end of this period, the hospital received ISO 9000 Certification. In the year 1999: The hospital started to use the internet as the mean for information distribution. At the time, the hospital's website had been visited for about 800 views per day. In the next revolution, the hospital brought in the US IT Consultant Service and started up the company called Global Care Solution (GAS) in Thailand for assembling the system for the hospital.Later on, during December of the same year, the â€Å"Hospital 2000† was implemented as a substitute for the older platform. The software was regarded as the first hospital system that connects everything together from the front office, system for doctors, pharmacist, nurses, and radiologist, patients' registration, time schedule of the operating room, exam room, and wards t o the patients' profiles. The hospital invested on 450 clients to be set up around different sections of the hospital. In the year 2002-2004: The Hospital 2000 system was developed to support PASS (Picture Archive Communication System).The hospital got reward from the Intelligent Enterprise Asia magazine for being 1 in 20 top organizations that uses IT to maximize the ability to provide the services to the customers. The hospital also got an appraised from CIO Asia for being top 100 organizations that implemented the hospital information system. In the late 2003, the hospital invested on another 450 clients which causes less system breakdown as increase the uptime for 99. 99% In the year 2007: Microsoft took over the Global Care Solution (GAS).As a result, Vanguard Hospital is now not only a user but also another invisible hand in the development of the system. In the year 2008: Microsoft started launching â€Å"Microsoft Amalgam† which is the combination of Xiii and Hospital 2000. The hospital also started using more sophisticated technologies inside the outpatient facility, for instance, Wife internet, LCD directories, automated lab for more precise and faster exults, online patient registry, diagnostic image that the doctors can access. Later on, management for inpatients. The idea of using robot came up from the concern the safety of the patient.From implementing the robot, the hospital can spend less time on the medicine of each patient. Other than that, the hospital also started up the laptop rental service for the inpatients. The laptop was designed to use inside the hospital as it is attached to the table on the side of the patient's bed and it is equipped with silicone keyboard, sterilized optical mouse, WebMD for video conference, and voice-over system. Hospital 2000 Hospital 2000 is the system specialized for hospital systems with the scope of almost every activity inside the hospital.For the usage inside the hospital, the system has the capa bility to handle the information of the patients or other employees, transaction processes, accounting, pharmacy, registrations, human resources, and even the patient transfer processes inside the clinic. All these sub functions are collected inside one big database in one system that supports almost every language available on this world. Microsoft Amalgam Hospital Information System (Amalgam HIS) Amalgam HIS is the developed version of Hospital 2000.This sophisticated system was designed to systematically take care of the IT system inside the hospital by collecting all the necessary data inside the database. Amalgam HIS was created based on the Electronic Medical Record (EMMER) which is composed to patient management, bed management, operating room management, pharmaceutical management, and even management system for radiologists. In addition, the system is also capable of storing and transferring the image data (IRIS/PASS), doing some complex accounting calculation, and managing both inventories and human resources.PASS (Picture Archive Communication System) is the system produced to digitally store the medical images and x-rays results without using any film. By using this system, the doctors could access the images by using the Internet from remote distance. In addition, the system also allows the long-term storage. In the normal situation, where the physical films are used to store the images, the images could be changed or damaged as time passed by and not to mention that it took so long to find the record in the form physical films whenever it is needed.Thus, using PASS will elf ease out all the processes for easy retrieval and increase reliability. Current IT Infrastructures At the moment, Vanguard Hospital is using the Amalgam Hospital Information System (Amalgam HIS). This system has been implemented in the hospital since 1997. Thus, the information system for Vanguard Hospital is considered an essential component in the management processes that oc cur inside the hospital. It is clearly seen that if it is not because of the marvelous IT system, the hospital might not be able to come this far as one of the best hospitals in Southeast Asian region.The actors who are involved in the system are as follows: 1 . Doctors: The Amalgam System takes a great part in helping the doctors to look at the overview of the profile of each patient. The doctor can glance at the profile of the patient and suddenly have the idea of who they are treating which will prevent any mistakes from happening. Another good point is that the doctor can write the medicinal prescriptions and schedule the next appointment via the online system.The appointment and the prescription will then be sent to the cashier and the pharmacy so that the patient will safety of the patient, the system also provides options for the doctors available for operating the patient as each doctor has different specialty and different schedule. The system will filter out the doctors wh o are the best for operating each specific patient. However, it does not mean that every doctor knows how to use the system. The elder doctors might not be accustomed to using the IT system and the part-time doctors might think that it is unnecessary to learn how to use the system as the come from time to time.To handle this problem, the hospital decided not to banish the old IS system which is manually writing the prescriptions and recording the patients' records. The information recorded manually will be transferred to the QUA department in which the information will be recorded into the system to make sure that the information of the patient will be available by the next time the customer uses the hospital service again Just as same as other patient that the information were recorded by the doctors.By implementing this IT system, it ensures that the hospital is using its resources of 1,200 doctors efficiently and the customers can be assured that the appropriate healthcare will b e given to them as the total amount of the patients will be distributed equally among doctors to ensure the maximum ability n providing the services. 2. Hospital Officers: Every hospital employee is obligated to know how the system works no matter if they are the receptionists, accountants, nurses, radiologists, pharmacist, or even human resources.All the officers will have to work in harmony to be able to maintain the fast-paced work and provide the information needed in a short period of time. Although all the systems are connected together, it does not mean that everyone will be seeing the same information. As an example, this is what happens in steps when Mr.. A visited Dry. B. Mr.. A visited Dry. B in he year 2012 with the symptoms of Acute Tuberculosis. Later on, in 2014, Mr.. A came back to the hospital again with the intestinal infection which he was assigned to Dry. C. Dry. C will be able to see the whole medical report of Mr..A including the medicines that he is allergic t o, who was his former doctors, what were his symptoms, and all the medical implications. When Dry. C wrote the medical prescription, the lists of medicine will be sent to the cashier and the pharmacy. The pharmacy will only see the lists of the medicine that Mr.. A will get so that they could pack everything he deed while the cashier will only see the list of the medicines and the price so that Mr.. A will be charged correctly. These two departments would not be able to see the medical report related to Mr.. A. When the pharmacy packed all the medicine for Mr..A, the total amount of each medicine inside the inventories will be updated which will be easier to keep track of all the drugs inside the stocks to prevent those drugs from running out. In case that the report is needed, the system also provide the function to generate the report of the patients who were treated by Dry. C in each day. With the help of the system, all the information from the doctors to other departments and e mployees will be synchronized which will increase the speed, reliability, precision, and accuracy of the service that will be provided in daily routines. . Patients: Other than hospital's employees, another actor that cannot be neglected is the patients. Patients are considered an important part in the development of the hospital system as the system was designed for convenience of the customers and to reduce the waiting time. Moreover, in case that the patient is ready to be transferred perhaps in the form of hard copies or CDC. While those data re being transferred, the copy of the data will still be inside the hospital system in case that the patients wanted to be transferred back for further medical treatments. . Executives: When it comes to the executive officers of the hospital, it is important that they can get the overall status report of the hospital whenever it is needed. The report that is provided by Amalgam HIS is in the form of interactive report in which the executive can sit back and relax as the report generated will make the analysis process a whole lot easier. For simplicity, the interpretation will be made from the data collected from each patient.As soon as the report reaches the executives, for example the CEO, the CEO will be able to notice the trend of the symptoms at the moment so that the hospital can be prepared for the situation that might happen in the future. 5. The competitors: The competitors of Vanguard Hospital are not only private hospitals but also those hospitals that operate by the government. It is easy to say that Vanguard hospital is one of the first hospitals that implemented the hospital information system. But as time passes by, the IT system becomes more affordable for every organization.The competition becomes more and more intense s more hospitals also implemented the IT system which will introduce newer dimensions of giving the services to the customers luring in more customers. Though the system that the other u sed might not be as good as what Vanguard implemented but it surely enough to become more frightful business competitor. Workflow inside the Hospital 1 . Make an appointment: The patients can choose whether they want to make an appointment using telephones or using the online services. For the foreigners, they can make schedule an appointment on www. Vanguard. Mom where they can select the doctors that they wanted to get treated from. . The patient reached the hospital: When the patients arrived at the hospital, they need to hand in the patient card or tell them the patient id in which the id will be keyed into the system to report that this patient has already arrived at the hospital and is ready to be called into the examination room. 3. Preparation of the patient's profile: As soon as the patients have confirmed an appointment with the hospital, the hospital needs to prepare the profile of that patient before they even reached the hospital.With the information, the nurse in each counter will be able to make a schedule for the doctor and get the attain ready whenever they arrived at the hospital. 4. Seeing the doctor: The doctors inside the examination room will be able to see how many patients are waiting for the examination. Moreover, the doctors also can access the profile of each patient to see the former medical diagnosis, drug allergic history, all the taken lab results which can be changed into the form of graphs for analysis. 5.Lab & X-Ray results: Whenever the doctors see that the extra labs need to be tested on the patient, the direct order from the doctor will be sent directly to the lab and x-rays room. Nowadays, there are many technologies and one many interesting breakthroughs is the digital x-rays which allows the doctors to get the x-rays results digitally without using any film. 6. Payment: When the patients got the medical care that they need, the payment information and the information about the patients' insurance will be sent to the acco unting and financial department.In this step, the patients queuing sit still and wait for the system to manage their queues and call out their names. 7. Get the medicines: Practically, when the doctors ordered the medicine, the prescriptions will be automatically sent to the pharmacy. Thus, the patients can get their medicine as soon as the patients made the payment. 8. Executive operations: The executive officers can access the system to get the overall analysis of the current situation for management and make plans for the future.In the data analysis, the system will use the system called OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) which is already pre-equipped in the Microsoft SQL Server. OLAP helps the executives in gathering the information from the data warehouse for analysis, for instance, the proportions between domestic and international patients, the nation where the international patient are from so that the hospital will be able to get the translators ready for assisting the int ernational patients who are incapable of communicating directly with the doctors.Hardware Development For optimum efficiency, the hospital chose the computer system from Dell which is believed to be more stable compare to other brands. Since the computer system from Dell has been implemented, the hospital admitted that the expenses of the hospital were enormously reduced that the left hospital with enough budget to invest on another secondary storage station, which will manage the data in real-time manner, to prevent any system failure. In the hospital system, there consisted of 4 servers from Dell, 1 main memory, and 6 desktop computers connected in the form of cluster.Moreover, the hospital also set up extra 450 computers around the hospital to support the increasing amount of patients. For maximum functionality and for ease of accesses, the hospital also spent some amount of money on 100 laser printers and 120 scanners to keep the data of the patients. In the term of system funct ionality, if in case of an emergency that the power supply of the system was cut off, the system will be automatically shut down and rely will cause devastating damages to the system. Thus, the hospital made the decision to use the Infrastructure system offered by the APPC.The Infrastructure is the architectural design for data center IT room, which is scalable and adaptable, that dramatically reduces time and complexity from concept and design through installation. This Infrastructure system is composed of 2 40 KAVA N+l Redundancy UPS systems. The two systems are working in harmony in load sharing manner. Each UPS system will be powered from different sources from different sides of the building to ensure the maximum security from the electrical problems that might occur.If something happened to the first UPS, the other UPS will be able step up and take all the workload. From doing so, there is less probability of system failure and all the systems that are essential for providing the services to the customer will work continuously. Another good point of this APPC system is that there is built-in self-test software called â€Å"Powerhouse† which will automatically do the self-test to find if there is any hardware in the system needs replacement.If the software found out that there is actually a hardware that needed to be replaced, the software will notify the arson who is in charge of taking care of the data center to replace the hardware without turning off the whole system. For the linkage of the system, Vanguard Hospital entrusted the Motorola, Inc. To together, the hospital used more than 300 wireless switches and access points. For the switch, the Motorola REFORMS Wireless Next Generation, which is capable of layer-3 roaming, was utilized.The layer-3 mobility allows the users to roam without losing its IP address and sessions which is great for large areas with many stories as the users can use the network while they are walking with the maximum b andwidth ND noise-free. This is considered as something that can benefit the hospital in the long run. This wireless system can be used not only by the users but also the doctors and other staffs as well to ensure the availability of the data in real-time in the range of 90,000 square meters of the hospital's area.For security issue which is the main key in the designing process of the hospital system, the security system invented by Motorola, the Wireless Intrusion Protection System (WIPES), is taking care of everything Software Development As has been mentioned above, the hospital has implemented the Amalgam HIS to ease up the work processes of the doctors and other employees by making everything faster, more convenient, more effective, more precise, and easier for maintenance. Not to mention that using the system will also make the communication with the users more understandable and more cost-effective.The system works dependently with the Microsoft Windows Server 2003 and Micro soft SQL Server 2000, which is the software for managing the database. All information will be kept inside one big database inside the IT department which causes the hospital system to be in the form of computerized system in which every department ND every computer can communicate with each other via computer system. No matter in what direction that the patients were leaded to, the computer system can help the hospital to prepare what is needed in a short period of time.Nowadays, many people are getting treated by the hospital in each day which means high amount of the transaction between each department in each day. Thus, the system needs to be scalable; the hospital can add in more machines or take out some machines to be appropriate with the number of patients at the specific period of time. In the software perspective, the system needs to be adaptable, reliable and e ready for any further system expansion in the future. The Amalgam HIS can be divided into 3 tiers. . Presentatio n Tier: This tier includes all the 1,000 work station across the hospital which are used to get the data by accessing the central database of the Amalgam HIS that is set up of the machine that runs on Microsoft Windows 2000. 2. Middle Tier: The middle tier is in between the presentation tier and the database. Here, the Windows Server will be regarded as the Transaction server which is the main medium in managing the flow of the transactions that are being sent to the database.When the transactions were generated, they will be sent to different servers to prevent one specific server from overloading. An extra server can be added whenever it is needed to handle the customers' need without having to shut down the whole system. All in all, the hospital got a lot of assistance from the software from Microsoft as the software allows the hospital system to work faster, more consistent, more precise, and also help the hospital to control the number of employees needed inside the hospital. 3 . Database Tier: All the information that will be processed by the

Response to Intervention Essay

â€Å"Of all forms of mental activity, the most difficult to induce even in the minds of the young, who may be presumed not to have lost their flexibility, is the art of handling the same bundle of data as before, but placing them in a new system of relations with one another by giving them a different framework, all of which virtually means putting on a different kind of thinking-cap for the moment. It is easy to teach anybody a new fact†¦but it needs light from heaven above to enable a teacher to break the old framework in which the student is accustomed to seeing. † Arthur Koestler Twenty-first century educational institutions are on a research journey exploring continued models, theories, plans, strategies and so much more to bring resolve to the problems facing our schools. Many schools are facing the ills of low performance and a decline in meeting Adequate Yearly Progress. Plans and studies to improve schools academic performance are on the rise. School leadership and districts continue to explore and search for the perfect research based model that will pull them up and out of the pit of despair to a maximum and successful learning community where students master learning through engaged instructional practices. An alternative to classroom learning experiences evolving on the educational scene is Response to Intervention (RTI). Response to Intervention refers to the many ways created to assist teachers in implementing instruction through new and improved activities that will redirect low performance to successful outcomes. This program was birthed years ago out the policies established from No Child Left Behind. Response to Intervention (RTI) is a researched based model used by school systems all over the country to deter academic and behavioral failure in the educational system. Through the engagement of ‘scientifically based instructional practices’, students embrace the enhanced intervention strategies that allow them to explore educational skills with a confidence that bring successful outcomes. Response to Intervention was created to intercept the struggling performance of student at the risk of academic and/or behavioral failure. Through early detection of specific skills deficiencies, students are identified and immediate assessments are administered. Diagnosis of these deficient skills allows teachers to structure instruction to meet the specific needs of students. Strategic plans are developed to target skills deficiency and an alternative instructional plan is created. The purpose of Response to Intervention is early detection and identification of learning concerns of students and the development of an individualized plan that addresses the appropriate prescription for resolving the students’ academic or behavioral issue. In our twenty-first century learning communities, students are required to participate and are engaged in educational activities that may challenge their ability to grasp the concept in manners conducive to their learning styles. Schools are challenged to examine their methods of instruction to meet the needs of all children making them successful in all areas of academic content. A quality school is a place where students learn to think and apply knowledge to new situations, where students are involved in and excited about their learning, where students make individual gains in process and knowledge, where adults know they care about individual students, where students develop ‘I can’ attitudes and efficacy about learning, and where the type of learning that occurs prepares students for success after school (Gentry, 2006)† In our twenty-first century learning communities, administrative leadership promotes the success of its students by implementing research that is current and best practices. Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium Standard Two which states: A school administrator is an educational leader who promotes the success of all students by advocating, nurturing, and sustaining a school culture and instructional program conducive to student learning and staff professional growth. (ISLLC 2008: 2). † The application of RTI, promotes an intervention plan focused objectives that are measureable and growth results that are observed through weekly progress monitoring. The RTI model is a valuable asset to the educational community due to the programs â€Å"not specifically a special education eligibility tool, rather it is a data-based decision-making system that can be used for all students within the school. † (Wedl, 2005) The application of the various methods of scientific discoveries that support solutions to many of the educational concerns experienced by our students is imperative to their success and confidence. The following is a plan of action based on the Response to Intervention Model that will promote academic success for students lacking proficiency in their educational experiences. Students will be engaged in daily and weekly activities that will enhance their differentiated instruction. This plan is based on the specific features of the Response to Intervention Model that are crucial to the process of instruction. †¢ Tier Model 1, Problem Solving – during the application of this portion of the Response to Intervention Model, all students are engaged in instruction. Many of the academic needs of the students are met in this level. Approximately one hour and thirty minutes of direct core instruction is implemented. Teachers are engaged in developing base line data from student’s response to instruction. The data from student responses should indicate which students are responding below expected levels of proficiency and those students needing enrichment. †¢ Tier Model 2, Problem Solving – during the application of this portion of the Response to Intervention Model, every student may need the interventions of this Tier. Again, one hour and thirty minutes of direct instruction from the core curriculum instruction. An additional twenty to thirty minutes of intense instruction for targeted skills in a small group within the classroom setting. Daily and weekly progress monitoring is necessary to ensure mastery. †¢ Tier Model 3, Problem Solving – during the application of this portion of the Response to Intervention Model, students that show lack of understanding of implemented instruction and are below the level of proficiency at the Tier 2 instructional interventions level, must continue prescribed interventions. At this level of intervention, again one hour and thirty minutes of direct core instruction, and possibly an additional fifty minutes of intense instruction on targeted skills. Homogenous grouping of students in small unit is desirable. Progress monitoring is required and all the while the teacher is data bank to determine continued instruction, needs assessments, updating base-line data, student mastery, and other evaluative factors. After implementing each Tier 1 three weeks of intense interventions should follow. A new Tier is implemented after completing monitoring activities and evaluating the compiled data. Key to the success of the Response to Intervention Model is the consistent progress monitoring of the students responses to the various daily interventions. Also, due to the constant monitoring, early interception of redirecting the students’ lack of understanding, promotes the regular classroom interventions and deters the need for special education. In many cases, statistics reveal that students experience success and mastery of skills through the varied steps of RTI. According to Interstate School Leaders Licensure Consortium Standard Two, administrative leaders are responsible for establishing an atmosphere and organizational culture conducive for successful academic experiences for every child. The educational performances of our students are founded on the instructional effectiveness of a curriculum structured to strategically provide mastery through systematic, rigorous, and objective teaching. Tracking student progress through informed data is imperative to a teacher’s next step in the model. Throughout the intervention students are provided high quality instruction. Response to Intervention provides a prescriptive plan of success through intense engaged learning. The problem solving techniques and data driven instructional strategies, will provide opportunities of success. With targeted small group skills instruction as necessary for the struggling child, the experience of maximum achievement is inevitable.

Your thoughts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Your thoughts - Essay Example Running both programs simultaneously might present challenges to both students and their instructors; however, it is crucial for special needs students to attend regular class so that they can familiarize themselves with the new environment. Moreover, integrating these students with their colleagues helps to create situations where students with special needs feel inadequate (Mastropieri & Scruggs, 2010). As a teacher, I will use the information learnt throughout the course to think about ways that my teaching techniques and strategies will best meet the needs of all my students without sidelining any of them based on their unique needs. An issue close to heart entails the specific needs of culturally and linguistically diverse students (CLDs). CLDs fall under the category of students with special needs; whereby, their cultural or linguistic backgrounds impede their learning speed and ability to learn in general. Sheltering these students by limiting their exposure to native students their age does little to improve their fluency; however, it functions to undermine their self-worth. As a teacher, I would move to integrate both the concrete and abstract environment. Meaning, I would arrange sitting arrangements partnering students with unique needs with those without, whereas, I would incorporate examples from different cultural backgrounds while teaching concepts (Noll, 2013). This w ay, all students will be able to achieve their academic goals in an environment that recognizes their

Australian Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Australian Economy - Essay Example Figure 1 - Historical real GDP growth in Australia's economy The Australian economy is expected to see a rise of between 3.75% and 4% in the GDP for the 2011-12 fiscal year. However certain estimates see this prediction as too high given the current global economic climate (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2010; Brinsden, 2010). The figure below speaks volumes of the success of the Australian government and the Australian Reserve Bank in keeping the Australian economy afloat (Australian Government, 2010; Reserve Bank of Australia, 2010; Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2010). Figure 2 - Comparison of international GDP growth rates The GDP of any nation is composed of the consumption (C), the investment (I), the net governmental fiscal spending (G) and the net exports (X – Q) which can be expressed mathematically as: Australia’s response to these components can be used to better delineate the response of the Australian government and the Australian Reserve Bank to deal with the ch allenges in the wake of the global financial crisis. Consumption can be used as a major indicator of the economic situation. Australia saw an increase in retail spending of around 0.8% by volume between June 2009 and 2010 which indicates greater consumer confidence (The Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2010). However there is little denying that the global financial crisis made Australian consumers all the more conservative (Gruen, 2010) as the household savings rate went up by 1.3% by May 2010 (Reserve Bank of Australia, 2010). Given that consumption growth alone is responsible for 1.5% of the growth of the Australian GDP, it serves as an important sector. The GDP also witnessed a boost in investment especially in the mining sector although the government’s new tax on mining was expected to prohibit further growth. The mining industry witnessed a growth in investment of 29% between June 2009 and 2010 which was around 50% more than expected (Pascoe, 2010). As an initial respo nse to the global financial crisis the government spending shot up dramatically but this was slowed down fearing: overstimulation of the economy; crowding out of private investment; placing a large debt burden. The GDP was positively supported by the net exports as the current account deficit first fell and then went into a positive trade surplus. The increase in net exports can be seen to result from increased demand for Australian minerals in the South East Asian market. Moreover contribution from net exports is expected to rise in 2011 as new capital investment is lowered into mineral operations that will remove bottle necks that affect production capacity (Stutchbury, 2010). The policies and approaches adopted by the Australian government since 2008 have been directed at handling the impacts of the global financial crisis. Macroeconomic policies have been specifically designed and geared to minimise damage from the global financial crisis. Moreover another chief aim of these pol icies remains the provision of adequate exit strategies that would be implemented once economic stability is seen on the horizon. The current fiscal stance of the Australian government is more towards contraction as the budget deficit for 2010-11 was some 40.8

Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 20

Religion - Essay Example His ideas on life were that the soul was bound in the body awaiting its release and the eventual return to its original source in the other world. This transformation can be experienced during the present through personal purification. In many of his teachings, Attar has exemplified the essence of a pure life and the mortality of the human body (Attar, 19). In one of his many poems, Attar writes, â€Å"Life be it long or short is composed of few breaths. Whoever is born must also die. You were nourished for death; and you were brought into the world in order to be taken away from it.† (Attar, 13). nourished for death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The statement summarizes the whole poetic line. Attar tries to show that mankind is naturally mortal. All that a man goes through prepares him for the life after in the next world. The spiritual growth of a human being is a process of ‘nourishment’. In short, according to Attar, Mankind lives to die. The ultimate result of life is transformation to the afterlife through death (Attar, 23). Learners of Attar’s theories should therefore live their lives nourish themselves spiritually for the next stage of their lives. It makes them realize that they are mortal and they should be prepared for the death and the afterlife (Attar, 24). Still on the topic of religious theories, we should look at The Bhagavad Gita, a Hindu devotional book. The book also offers insight and guidance on death and how mankind should be prepared for it. The book states in part, â€Å"The soul never takes birth and never dies at any time nor does it come into being again when the body is created. The soul is birth less, eternal, imperishable and timeless and is never terminated when the body is terminated† (Zaener, 11). The Bhagavad Gita has the same notion in it with the Attar poetry. It shows that the soul is eternal and imperishable. It is, just like in Attar’s case, housed by the body but when the body is terminated, the

Management Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Management Information Systems - Essay Example These include expert system, decision support systems, and executive information systems (Laudon & Jane 12). 1. The changes of information system I learnt that the field that covers the general information systems and changes in the management theories, processes, models, and emphasis. It expounds on problem solving as well as strategies that deal with the business. Information system is bringing about increasingly changes in people’s lives. This includes relationships, decision making, data collection, and communication. IT change leads to innovation, thus new business services and models. The leaders in different organization need to understand the impacts resulting from changes within the organization. Organizations have to also examine their performance, processes, and strategies in order to identify the changes within their organizations. This concept of change management is gaining attention among organizations and human behavior, operation management, business administr ation, and information systems. Technological advancements as well as, business improvements are essential in modern societies, and finding effective strategies to manage processes of change (Laudon & Jane 33). 2. Information Systems and Organizations We also learnt higher education institution is working hard to ensure that information technologies are effective in al spheres of life. This is this through ensuring efficient information system and operation in organization. They are doing this by effecting the eve of education. All graduates currently have the basic knowledge concerning the field; thus organizations can run effectively with the adequacy in operations and systems. On the other hand, processes within organizations are proceeding at high speed thus increasing the output together with the efficiency. Security has also increased thus expanding the reach of the organizations. This is because the organizations can expand confidently. The above is one of the key items that have been brought about by information systems. 3. Information, Management, and Decision Making I learnt that information system also facilitates decision making. This is because it comes along with mechanisms which simply human labor. The role of management is to use their sense to make decisions. However, with information systems, programs that run and facilitates their role. I therefore, appreciate the innovations behind information systems. 4. The Strategic Role of Information Systems to businesses I have learnt that Information Systems support business operations and processes. They assist managers in efficiently conducting their routine functions and activities properly. For example, different bank activities such as statement generation, withdrawal of money and account creation are efficient due to Information Systems. These systems help managers conduct such activities timely and accurately. Information Systems can also analyze data about information on customers (Laudon & J ane 63). Information Systems are useful in supporting strategic decision making that contributes to competitive advantage. Analysis of data by information systems provides critical information in decision-making. A company can decide to launch products or services in different locations basing their decision from results of analyzed data by Information Systems. The strategic role of Information Systems cannot be ignored since they help in planning a business’

Hugo Grotius, from on the Law of War and peace Essay

Hugo Grotius, from on the Law of War and peace - Essay Example Despite the attempt by several government to develop peaceful societies, conflicts exist even at personal levels thereby presenting several ethical dilemmas. War is an evil necessity that as Grotius explains presents realistic solutions to most of the conflicts while at the same time has severe ramifications (Bonevac, 2005). Choosing to engage in war thus presents myriad effects to the people. While war is a social vice that causes extensive loss of lives and destabilization of the society, Grotius explains particular circumstances that justify war. In considering the possibilities to engage in wars, it becomes realistic to weigh the ramifications of war thereby making an informed decision. Firstly, war results in the loss of human life. Nothing justifies the death of another. Engaging in war presents a substantial threat to the lives of the civilians most of who are often unarmed. Additionally, war results in the displacement of many other civilians. The displacement results from large-scale destruction of homes since such readily become battlefields. People therefore flee from their homes in order to seek safe refuge elsewhere. Another equally important effect of war is that it curtails socio economic developments. The heightened insecurity during wars curtails investments besides resulting in massive displacement of people. The two are empirical manifestations that cur b both economic growth and social cohesion. While the above are major concerns that require effective consideration and often serve to prevent people from engaging in wars, wars are at times the only plausible solutions to the social problems in a society. Different countries including the United States have engaged in different wars most of which, the government justified. As Hugo Grotius explains, a war offers realistic solutions to some of the major social problems and is therefore unavoidable in such circumstances. Grotius provides three circumstances which he claims justifies

Week 5 Individual Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Week 5 Individual Assignment - Essay Example The purpose of this paper is to describe the strategic plan, leadership considerations, and other factors that will allow Gene One to achieve the transformational process successfully. The former CEO of the company Don Ruiz had the right idea in mind when he developed the idea of turning the company into a publicly traded entity. Don has passed away and Gene One is currently in dying need of a new CEO that is able to transform the company so that it can become an efficient public enterprise. The three primary goals of Gene One are to grow its revenues by 40%, to raise additional capital, and to develop new products. The timeline for completion of the IPO process is a maximum of 36 months. Prior to his death Don Ruiz had made remarks in the scenario that he might not be the right person to lead the company in the transformational process. Now that the company has to fill his vacancy the human resource department must recruit a new CEO. This CEO has to have the right leadership style to inspire the staff into believing that the direction of the company is the right path. The chief executive officer position is the top managerial position within a corporation. Due to the changes that are occurring within Gene One the new CEO has to be a true leader in order to ensure his troops follow the manager’s guidance. A leadership style that is well suited for the CEO position at Gene One Corporation is a charismatic leadership style. A charismatic leader can be defined as a leader who by force of their personal abilities is capable of having a profound and extraordinary effect on followers (Schermerhorn & Hunt & Osborn, 2003, p. 300). An example of a charismatic leader is Martin Luther King. Charismatic leaders have high moral beliefs, great interpersonal and communication skills, and the ability to inspire others to achieve higher levels of performance. At Gene One

Country Selection and Initial Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Country Selection and Initial Analysis - Essay Example The services sector has the largest contribution of 51% approximately (estimated 2010). The population growth rate is just over 1%, which should be viewed as reasonably well for a Muslim majority emerging nation. The currency is known as Moroccan Dirham (MAD) that fluctuates against US dollar because of changes in global economy. However, the exchange rate prevails between 8 – 9 Dirham / US dollar at present. The GDP per capita was around $4,900 according to 2010 statistics (CIA Fact Book, 2010) It should also be highlighted that the recent floods in Morocco damaged its agricultural crops as the area under cultivation reduced by significant 25 – 30%. As a result, the production of wheat, barley, vegetables and other grains reduced considerably whereas the demand increased due to rise in population. Nonetheless, the government authorities were left with no other option but to increase imports from self-sufficient nations so that they could stabilize wheat prices across M orocco (Reuters Africa, 2010). It should be noted that domestic wheat consumption in Morocco has been estimated to be nearly 8.3 million tons and the shortages resulted in 47% hike in wheat prices (Weisenthal, 2011). The price surge was mainly the outcome of shortage amid price inelastic demand of food products as they are necessities.

Sustainable agriculture Essay Example for Free

Sustainable agriculture Essay Organic foods are becoming more available in all types of stores where food is sold. Nowadays, instead of scouring many stores looking for organic foods, they have become available for purchase in everyday shopping locations such as Vons, Ralphs, as well as Target and Wal-Mart. With most of the population being consumed with healthier eating and fitness, eating organic foods is a step people make in bettering oneself. Additionally, it is essential to protect our planet in as many ways as possible. Organic foods have grown nationally, are healthier and safer to consume than conventionally farmed foods, and are beneficial to the environment. Originally, there was no such thing as organic or conventional foods. All farming was organic as there were no pesticides available. However, as the demand for foods increased, farmers had to figure out how to increase the production of their product, as well as preserving the food to be available for longer periods of time; therefore pesticides were born. The term organic foods is defined by the article Is Organic Food Better For You, as â€Å"crops [that] must be produced without conventional pesticides (including herbicides), synthetic fertilizers, sewage sludge, bioengineering, or ionizing radiation. †(1) Basically the article is saying that organic foods must be grown naturally without any â€Å"help†. This implies that farmers can use natural elements but nothing man made. Robin Parnes emphasizes that â€Å"organic food, [is] defined by how it cannot be made rather than how it can be made† (Parnes 2). Parnes is insisting that it is more important to state what cannot be used to ensure an authentic organic product. This is because what is NOT in a product is what makes it organic, not what IS in it.A common misconception about organic foods is that they are â€Å"natural†. This is not true. According to Parnes, â€Å"Natural foods can include organic foods, but not all natural foods are organic†. The essence of Parnes’ statement is the misconception is just that, a misconception, with the fact foods may be classified as â€Å"natural† but not classified as organic. Food that has been minimally processed and contains no preservatives is referred to by the food industry as â€Å"natural† (2). Given that the definition of organic food is very similar, it’s understandable why the two would be lumped together as one. However, the main difference as stated by Laurel Vukovic, is that foods must contain at least 95 percent organic ingredients in order to be classified organic (50). Organic farms are not always â€Å"small family farms† like consumers would think. Shapin states, Earthbound Farm, a large organic producer, was once a small â€Å"two-and-a- half acre raspberry-and-baby-greens farm†. Like most great things, the company grew and they now have large farms in nine different counties in the states of California, Arizona, Colorado, and even farms in three Mexican states. When organic farming first started in 1993, the owners of Earthbound Farm were asked by Costco, their first client, to drop the term organic because they were afraid their customers would be â€Å"intimidated† and not want to buy the product, because the entire concept was too new. In 2004 Earthbound’s farms had grown nationally with twenty-six thousand acres and is now â€Å"available in supermarkets in every state of the Union† (Shapin). Organic foods today have become a more common household name and consumers are flocking to buy more of it. Katherine DiMatteo states that there has been a â€Å"strong 20%-a-year growth rate since 1990† (qtd. in Is Organic Food Better For You?). DiMatteo is explaining that organic farming is becoming more in demand as people look more to eating right. Parnes supports this fact by stating that â€Å"according to the Food Marketing Institute, more than half of Americans now buy organic food at least once a month† (1). Considering that organic foods used to be very difficult to find and most people were not concerned with eating organic, this is a huge change. This supports the fact that people want to be healthier and eat better. According to Jennifer Alsever, this change is represented by organic foods replacing sugary foods and sodas in some vending machines in Chicago (8). With all the health problems affecting consumers today, people are searching for more healthy alternatives and â€Å"junk food† seems to be disappearing. Consumers have become awakened by their bad food choices and with all of the information on the news and tv today, telling people how rich organic produce is in vitamins and minerals, they are looking to nature for ways to improve their body and overall health. It has been proven that vitamin C and certain antioxidants can help with different diseases, such as â€Å"aging, cardiovascular disease, and cancer† as stated in Is Organic Better For You (3). This article also states that letting nutrient rich organic foods sit for too long in the refrigerator can actually cause the vitamins to deplete by oxidation, therefore losing the benefit. (3). So if you buy organic for the higher vitamins and nutrients, it is important to eat it as soon as possible, so that the benefit you paid a little extra for does not get â€Å"wasted†. Organic food not only helps our bodies, by reducing diseases and supplying us with needed nutrients, it can also help protect the environment. When conventional farming machines pollute the earth, this affects us as well. The air we breathe is polluted, as well as the ground by chemicals and pesticides. Even those who eat organic, can still be affected by conventional farming because of the harmful effects to the environment. Pesticides that are put on plants collect in the soil of the land as well as in water nearby conventional farms. People then drink this water and are exposed to the chemicals. In the article Is Organic Food Better For You, DiMatteo asserts that by eliminating the use of these pesticides and fertilizers in the organic production system, we are not contributing any further to this pollution (3). In making this comment, DiMatteo argues that the pesticides used in conventional farming is one cause to the pollution of our planet. She believes that replacing conventional farming with organic farming is one way to improve our plants health. When buying organic, the only thought which usually comes to mind is food. Yet, there are also organic hair products and skin products. One might believe that these products cannot harm or help our bodies, when in fact these are just as important, if not more important. According to Laurel Vukovic, these chemicals are â€Å"absorbed through the skin and scalp can be even more harmful than those ingested, because [they are notdetoxified by the liver and] pass directly into the bloodstream and fat cells† (48). Basically, she is stating that there is no way to fight off the effects of toxins contracted through hair and skin products. When toxins are ingested there is a detoxification process whereas when they are applied they are directly absorbed. Therefore, it is even more important to purchase products that are organic when trying to live a complete healthy life. Organic farming is a way to not only improve our health internally but externally as well, by protecting the environment. Organic foods take us back to the way food was before the big corporations got involved and â€Å"tainted† the product. It is safer to consume foods (as well as use products) that lack the harsh chemicals and pesticides. Our society is â€Å"obsessed† with pushing food to last longer than nature intended and this is a big reason pesticides were developed. Unfortunately, there is a price to pay for keeping food fresh longer. This price is being paid not only by our bodies, but by our environment as well. WORKS CITED Alsever, Jennifer. â€Å"No Twinkies? Vending Machines Go Organic. † Going Green. NBCNews. com, 12 Jan 2011. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. Ciampa, Linda.â€Å"The Organic Debate: Healthier or Not? † In-Depth Specials. CNN. com. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. â€Å"Is Organic Food Better for You? Here’s How to Decide If it’s Worth The High Price. † Food Recipes. WebMD. Web. 10 Feb. 2013. Parnes, Robin Brett. â€Å"How Organic Food Works. † How Stuff Works. Web. 11 Feb. 2013. Shapin, Steven. Organic Food and Farming Has Drawbacks. The Local Food Movement. Ed. Amy Francis. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2010. At Issue. Gale Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 12 Feb. 2013. Vukovic, Laurel. â€Å"A Shopper’s Guide to Organics†. Better Nutrition. Organic Directory, Sep. 2008. PDF fiile. 12. Feb 2013.

Effect of Voltage on the Rate of Electroplating a Metal

Effect of Voltage on the Rate of Electroplating a Metal Akinlabi Boluwarinde Oluwatosin BACKGROUND Electroplating is the process of plating one metal onto another by hydrolysis, most commonly for decorative purposes or to prevent corrosion of a metal. There are also specific types of electroplating such as copper plating, silver plating, and chromium plating. Electroplating allows manufacturers to use inexpensive metals such as steel or zinc for the majority of the product and then apply different metals on the outside to account for appearance, protection, and other properties desired for the product. The surface can be a metal or even plastic.[1] RESEARCH QUESTION How does varying the voltage of the circuit affect the rate of electroplating a metal with copper? HYPOTHESIS The voltage of the cell also known as the E.M.F (electromotive force) is known to be the force that drives the current thhrough the circuit. It is expected that by increasing the Voltage the circuit will lead to an increase in the rate of electroplating the metal as more current will flow easily throughout the circuit. VARIABLES Independent Variable The voltage of the circuit Dependent Variable The mass of pure copper electroplated onto the metal Controlled Variable The amount of time allowed for reaction The concentration of the electrolyte solution The metal rod used CONTROL OF VARIABLES The amount of time allowed for reaction to occur will be measured with the use of a stopwatch. The voltage of the circuit will be increased by a fix aed amount of 1.5V to keep the experiment and easily measure a changein rate. The same metal rod will be used throughout the experiment for all trials and of the different voltage. The mass of the metal rod to be used is 7g APPARATUS Cells Low resistance wire Copper solid Electrolyte (copper sulphate solution) Electric Balance Stopwatch Metal rod Voltmeter Beaker METHOD I Setup the circuit as shown in the diagram below. I measured the initial mass of the metal and recorded it.Starting with one cell of 1.5V. I closed the circuit and allowed the reaction to occur for 10 minutes. I removed the electroplated metal and measured its mass and recorded it in the table. I Repeated the experiment increasing the number of cell each time and recorded the mass of the of the electroplated metal each time. SAFTEY PRECAUTIONS There is the risk of electrocution if care is not taken. To avoid this the use of well protected wires is necessary and great care must be taken when carrying out the experiment. DATA COLLECTION Raw Data Voltage /v Mass of metal rod after electrolysis /g  ± 0.1g Trail 1 Trail 2 Trail 3 1.5 7.8 7.9 7.9 3.0 8.9 8.7 8.8 4.5 10.0 9.9 9.9 6.0 11.1 11.2 10.9 Qualitative Observations: The pure copper solid used became faded after it was used in the electrolysis reaction. There was still some residue of copper left on the metal rod after rinsing it. The voltage recorded by the voltmeter was not constant but varried in range that was close to the desired value The mass of the metal rod used is 7g Processed Data Voltage /v Mean Average mass of metal rod after electrolysis /g  ± 0.1g Mass of copper added to rod /g  ± 0.1g 1.5 7.9 0.9 3.0 8.8 1.8 4.5 9.9 2.9 6.0 11.1 4.1 The data has been processed. The mean of the three trials for each voltage has been calculated and represented on the table above as Mean Average mass of metal. Also the mass of copper that was electroplated onto the metal rod was calculated using the equation: Graph 1 Graph 2 CONCLUSION As expected when there was an increase in the voltage flowing in the circuit the mass of copper that was electroplated onto the metal rod increased too. This is because as the voltage increases a larger number of electrons flow from the cell or battery into the anode which causes the formation of copper ions to occur faster and so more ions are attracted to the metal rod (cathode) in the given time. The relationship between mass of copper electroplated and voltage can be seen on both graph 1 and graph 2 above. In graph 1 there is an increase in mass as voltage increases but the graph obtained is a slight curve rather than a straight line which indicates random errors, this could likely be due to the voltage fluctuating in circuit. Graph 2 shows a line of best fit for the graph and it is a straight line graph as expected, the error bars are plotted as well. The line passes through all the error bar ranges but does not touch any of the points on the graph and it does not pass through the origin (0,0), this may be due to systematic errors such as errors in the electric balance when measuring the mass of the metal rod before and after electroplating. The linear correlation is 0.998, which suggest very strong correlation between the two variables. EVALUATION The graph of values obtained was not exactly the same as what was expeted. A straight line graph starting from the origin was the expected graph but the graph ontained after a lin of bestt fit was plotted started from the y-intercept -0.25. This was due to errors in the experiment. Random errors such as the fluctuation of the voltage flowing through the circuit as a result of the chemicl reactions going on in the cell led to some of these errors. The voltmeter showed values that ranged from below to above the value of the voltage required indicating that this variable was not kept constant. The deviations were very little and not too far from the required voltage but were still enough to cause errors. It is also possible that because the same solution was used for all trials not all the copper ions had been electroplated onto the metal rod, this could have altered the concentration of the electrolyte (copper sulphate) leading to more errors as the concentration of the electrolyte als o has an effect on the rate of electroplating. Systematic errors were also present throughout the experiment, errors in measuring the mass of the of the metal rod before and after electroplating and also in measuring the mass of the anhydrous copper sulfate solution. This may have been due to poor caliberation before the experiment was carried out. The copper used may also have not been pure as it is possible that there were impurities in the copper solid used. Finally not all of the copper was rinsed off the metal rod before it was used for the next trial which could have altered the total mass when the mass of the metal after electro plating was measured. Errors in measuring the volume of water to be added to the beaker could also have been present. Systematic errors in the stopwatch used such as the delay in starting when the timer was started. The experiment also depended on human reaction time which is known to less accurate than machines, this will have led to more errors. It is impossible to keep the voltage of the cells constant but the range of values can be reduced by using new cells. The eleectric balance cshould be well caliberated before carring out the experiment and a balance with a higher degree of accuracy and sensitivity (measures to more decimal places) could be used. Before each trial a new electrolyte solution could be used to avoid any changes in concentration during the experiment. The experiment could have been automated using a switch that opened after ten minutes from when it was closed to eliminate the error as a result of dependence on human response time. The experiment could also have been repeated more times to reduce errors and increase accuracy. Also a lager rane of voltages could have been tested to gain more data for better more accurate analysis. [1]  http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Analytical_Chemistry/Electrochemistry/Electrolytic_Cells/Electroplating

Markets and Society Essay -- Essays Papers

Markets and Society In his famous book, The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith descried the free market system as a self-regulating mechanism, which maximizes society’s wealth and well-being. Indeed, since the time of Adam Smith, the free market has been an incredibly successful system for improving society. This can be attributed to an increase in overall wealth, innovation, and efficient resource allocation. Unfortunately, the market system also suffered numerous drawbacks, the most important being the inequality and the inequality of opportunity which the system created. These inequalities are best observed in the credit, education, and labor markets. The question of whether the use of free markets is truly preferable method for improving society will be discussed. To elaborate, Adam Smith stated that man should not try to do good, but let good develop as a byproduct of self-interest. Indeed the principle of self-interest has been and always will be the driving force behind the market’s successes. However, since the majority of people do act in their own self-interest, competition develops in the market both among the buyers’ and among the sellers’. Regardless of whether the product is big and expensive like a car or small and cheap like an apple, the seller will want to sell it for the highest possible price and the seller will want the lowest possible price (with the exception of some luxury/status products). During the process of negotiation, the optimum equilibrium price, which is good for both parties, will be agreed upon. As a result, the consumer and producer surplus is maximized, leading to an overall increase in wealth. The greatest success of markets is probably in its steady increased in wealth. For example, in t... ...hich was created by the market system, the market, just like humans, is not perfect. It is certainly not a Panacea for all of societies problems (even Smith realized this when he warned that division of labor creates boring jobs). While the creation inequality is an unavoidable sideffect of its mechanism, the jury is still out on whether this flaw is fatal. Despite the fact that inequality continues to grow steadily, the poor cling to the chance that they will be the lucky few to make it to the top. The concept of self-interest continues to drive markets. While time will tell if the prost of prosperity outweigh the cons of inequality, one must admit that some problems, such as discrimination, must be solved outside of the market through government intervention. Markets should probably used in areas where the need for efficiency outweighs the need for â€Å"social justice.†

How Safe Are Mobile Phones? :: essays research papers fc

Millions of people own a mobile phone these days, and ever since they have been around scientists question the fact of they are safe or not. Do they cause tumors, earaches, mercury poisoning? All these health risks are mentioned in every article I found. But nowhere could I find anything that was sure if mobiles did cause all of the above. This is where science fails us. The problem is that mobile phones are still too new to know the long-term effects on human. Mobile phones give of a radiation of radio frequency round 10MHz to 300Ghz. But so do other appliances. Why does mobiles especially get put in the picture of being hazardous? Soon it will be clear whether the radio frequency emissions from mobiles cause health effect. Drivers who use there mobiles whilst driving are the only â€Å"health risk† that can be proven, the drivers get distracted and lose control over the vehicle. Technology invented something for this, hands-free sets. But now the question is do those hands free sets really solve the problem? Researchers now are looking at if the hands free sets don’t cause other problems. A report from the magazine â€Å"which?† said that hands free kits raised levels if radiation to the head from mobile phones by up to three and a half times. The consumer association immediately stressed that it had done no research into this whether this radiation could cause damage to the brain. That just proves that whenever there has been research a report is released to prove that research wrong. Probably is done not to cause any chaos. Mobiles are said to cause brain tumors, they say this because there was found to be more tumors of the same kind amongst mobile phone users. Mobiles cause memory loss, radiation sickness. Mobiles can disturb your sleep pattern, according to the researchers from the university of Zurich, mobile phones increases brain activity during our sleep. A really strange result of the use of mobile phones is that mobile phones can release the poisonous mercury from fillings causing brain damage, scientist say this is due to the electrical fields given off by mobile phones can activate the mercury, giving off a gas. The fumes attach the nervous system causing conditions from depression, asthma to Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Some studies have suggested links between Radio frequency radiation and lymphoma, microwaves and memory loss, mobile phone use and a rare type of brain cancer, mobile phone radiation and DNA destruction, and mobile phone use and damaged scalp nerves

Essay --

Lisette Galvan Outlining - Position Paper Title: Should the Level of Immigration Be Heightened and Border Security Tightened? Thesis statement : I truly believe that the level of immigration should be increased but only with the exception that border security should be better utilized. If people from other countries want to better their lives here and agree to â€Å"play by the rules† then it should be allowed and put into law. Immigration seems to a big issue these days in America.The main concern that many Americans have is that immigrants will swipe the available jobs that are offered here and will consequently leave the natural born citizens with nothing. The idea that drug dealers and terrorists are more prevalent to enter the country is also a strong fear. There are obviously many in the U.S. who are here illegally that should not be but there should be a way that they can earn citizenship. Essay Map If someone is not of Native American descent, their ancestors are immigrants. The economy will improve Border Security needs to be stronger. Immigration reform should be put in...

Local and National Provision for Netball Essay

Introduction The aim of this essay is to find out what provisions there are for netball in my local and the national areas, and whether or not there are any funding and coaching schemes for any level of netball from grassroots to elite level. Grassroots level Netball is available for all children to play at primary school level through to GCSE, girls and boys included. There are two main small-sided games aimed primarily at 7-11 year olds, for use in schools, clubs and holiday play schemes to provide fun, fitness and challenge for players of all abilities. First step Netball has been designed mainly for children aged 7-9 year olds (Years 3 & 4). It is a version of 4-a-side netball that was launched in 1993, it has been adapted to suit the younger player giving them more freedom on the court and more time (5 seconds) to make a decision before throwing the ball but in a third of the court. A size 4 netball is used and an 8ft post. High five netball is the next stage for children aged 9-11 (years 5 & 6). This is a modified game that provides the best foundation for young people to develop the physical, social and tactical skills; it also develops the knowledge and understanding of the game. There are 5 players on a full sized netball court, the others team members that are not on the court take up roles of timekeeper, score, umpire, and centre pass marker. A size 4 netball is used and they have 4 seconds to pass the ball and a 9ft netball post is used. This is the only game where England Netball provides resources and support for boys and girls playing in primary schools. A High fives Netball tournament will feature in this year’s Partnership Youth Games for boys and girls in school years 5&6. Provision for elite performers For talented players there is a pathway to play for the national team but it takes a long time to get there. There are county squads from U14’s to the open selection. A player is only fully recognised when they are selected to represent the County at under 16 levels. There are talent camps for athletes who show potential but these are normally for athletes under the age of 16, to become a talent camp athlete, you need are nominated by your County coaches. Athletes who successfully demonstrate all of the basic physical, technical, tactical and mental skills required for peak performance, and who can apply these in a competitive situation, are considered candidates to progress into the national talent squads, they tend to stay here for 2-4 years and only 50% of those move to the development squad. After spending another 2-4 years in the development squad and only some of the athletes demonstrating a very high degree of personal responsibility for individual and team results manage to make it into the national squad where they can spend up to 10 years depending on their quality of play. Figure 1 (below) shows that rather than an age related development framework, the All England Netball Association operates a national squad structure, which you work up depending on the quality of your play. There are a large number of leagues to play in around the country; for those who don’t make County teams there are the Millennium youth games. This is part of Sport England’s initiative to promote active sport. Regional tournaments are held every year. In Stafford there are two netball leagues: the Friday night league and the Stafford and district YLC netball league that takes part on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. The Friday night league is a casual league where you register your team and then play, you don’t wear uniforms and anybody can play including lads so long as the other team is ok with lads, also the umpires don’t have to have any qualifications to umpire. However, the YLC netball league is official with only qualified umpires and uniforms must be worn, only those registered as team players can compete. Provision for male competitors The England netball and IFNA have stated that only single sex competitions are permitted, however England Netball stated that any netball activities up to GCSE level (aged 16) must allow girls and boys to participate together. It is unacceptable to exclude either boys or girls under12 from any competitive or non-competitive netball activity. There are now some netball leagues that are either specifically for men or those which are for mixed teams. It is known that men’s netball teams play regularly in the West Indies, Canada, New Zealand, England and Australia. Flava is committed to the development of men’s netball and encourages boys to play netball as well as being represented in mixed netball competitions. Integral is another club that aims to provide an opportunity for men to play netball either as part of a mixed team or a men’s team, the club took part in several mixed tournaments in the summer of 2002 with some success. They are based in Macclesfield in the North West of England but players come from all over the UK to be part of the club. It was decided, by the Council, that a Men’s World Netball Championship should be held under the direction of IFNA, within the next five years at a time and place to be decided by Members Council. Provision for disabled competitors England Netball is committed to providing and promoting equal opportunities in Netball and its first fully co-ordinated National Disability Development Plan was launched in 1996. The plan now looks at the issues of accessibility for disabled people, to the Netball court, and also opportunities and courses for coaches, umpires, other officials and administrators. It focuses on awareness training for coaches, umpires and volunteers, to ensure that people with disabilities may enjoy the highest quality experiences through the game of Netball. A version of 7-a-side netball has been formed for those in wheelchairs (but with adaptations to 4 and 5-a-side), although obviously the rules have been modified covering travelling and playing the ball. This summer the National Netball Championships for People with Learning disabilities are holding a tournament run by England netball and the English Sports Association. There will be two age categories for those U17 and those over, the aim of this event is to encourage more people to play who struggle from disabilities. Unfortunately there doesn’t seem to be any local provisions for disabled netball they all seem to be on a national scheme. Conclusion I think that on a national level there are provisions being made for everyone to participate in netball, however, there is till not that much for the males or disabled participants. In the more local area there are leagues for females but this is still leaving out the disabled and the male netball players. The way that netball is at the moment means that the way to the top is only for talented female teenagers who can progress through the county level to talent squads and up to the top. Bibliography www.netball.org www.england-netball.co.uk www.isport.com.au www.flavanetball.co.uk www.sasactivesports.co.uk www.bwsf.org.uk

Petition of Slaves

Petition of Slaves to the Massachusetts Legislature On January 13, 1777 seven African-American men in Massachusetts came together to go to the courts and their goal was to gain freedom. These men were slaves and in order for them to be set free they had the choice of running away, with the possibility of getting caught, or gathering a petition to take to the Massachusetts court. Just because these men had a petition does not mean that it would be passed. The Massachusetts colonial government had no say in making slaves free or not.Back in the day slaves were seen as people that were not book smart because they lacked education and that meant they could not read or write but they knew their rights. The slaves were much underestimated but they turned to the Constitution to prove their rights. The African-American slaves knew their rights and they fought against the Massachusetts colonial government because under the Constitution their rights were taken away from them when they had ever y right to be free. Quok Walker was an African-American slave who was a part of the Massachusetts petition attempt in 1777.A couple of years later, in 1781, Walker sued the Massachusetts government because of a phrase that the Massachusetts Constitution contained. As the great Thomas Jefferson stated in 1776 in the Constitution, â€Å"All men are created equal. † Walker shared this phrase with the state of Massachusetts and because of Walker, he was one of the first people that helped Massachusetts. Massachusetts was the first state to abolish slavery. Every person in this country has rights and if those rights are ever denied then that person has the right to fight for their rights.Walker did not only fight for his rights but he fought for every slave in the state of Massachusetts. Walker then gave other states the strength and courage to do what he did and he helped them stand up for what they believed in. Walker was not the only one who stood up to the government. A woman by the name of Mumbet went against her slave owner in court. Whoever said slaves were not smart were very wrong. For people with no education they were very clever people. Elizabeth Freeman, also known as Mumbet, was also an African-American slave with Walker.She went to an attorney to try to fight for her freedom. The attorney helped her and the case was opened. She was fighting for her freedom and this case, Brom & Bett v. John Ashley, Esq. , is now one of the most important and famous cases in the state of Massachusetts. John Ashley fought and fought to try and win this case but eventually gave up and dropped out of the case. It eventually became obvious to John Ashley that under the constitution it was not legal to hold a person into slavery. It was all for the great Constitution that the United States of America has.Maybe slaves were not the best spellers because of the lack of education but they still got their point across. â€Å"†¦Naturel Right of all men—and th eir Children who wher Born in this Land of Liberty may not be heald as Slaves after they arrive at the age of twenty one years so may the Inhabitance of this Stats No longer chargeable†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Boston, 1877). This is an excerpt from the petition that was written in 1877 for the Massachusetts Legislature. This is from the original petition but the current petition has been altered.They were very smart people who helped start the end of slavery. The petition of slaves was written in 1777. The Declaration of Independence was written in 1776. Only a year apart and they share a similar phrase, â€Å"Laws of Nature. † â€Å"From A popolous Pleasant and plentiful contry and in violation of Laws of Nature and off Nations and in defiance of all the tender feelings of humanity Brough hear Either to Be sold Like Beast of Burthen & Like them Condemnd to Slavery for Life—†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Boston, 1877). This is an excerpt from the petition of Massachusetts. When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the  Laws of Nature  and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. † This is an excerpt from the Declaration of Independence. They both share the same insights in what they see as equality and freedom.A line that stood out in the Declaration of Independence that relates to the Petition is, â€Å"†¦Right of the People to alter or to abolish it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This part of the Declaration is talking about the government and how they have power but it is up to the people to truly decide if they feel that certain laws are equal for everyone. It is under the constitution that people have rights even if the government is above them. The Petition seemed to be very successful. Quok Walker and Elizabeth Freeman are the two people who started the movement to end slavery.After the petition and the court hearing, slaves were now free in the state of Massachusetts. It was said that slavery was not completely gone but did end at the end of the eighteenth century. Freeman became a paid servant and a book was later written about her. It is great that some people were not afraid to stand up for their rights and fight for what they believe in. These slaves from the eighteenth century started a movement that then passed on to other states. They gave the idea to other slaves to also stand up for themselves. To be a slave was not legal under the constitution.Slavery first ended in Massachusetts but it took many more years to be abolished in this country. All it took was two people to stand up and it led to a movement that will now be forever known. Outline I. Introduction A. Petition of Slaves B. African Americans fight for their rights C. Thesis:  The African American slaves knew their rights and they fought against the Massachusetts colonial government because their rights were taken away from them when they had every right to be free. II. Elizabeth Freeman III. Petition requests A. Explanation of the petition requests B. Men gather togetherC. Slaves argue against the Massachusetts government IV. Start to the end of slavery A. Primary justification for freedom B. Independence for African- Americans C. Quok Walker V. Declaration of Independence VI. Conclusion A. Restatement of thesis B. Petition success C. Freedom is gained Works Cited Archives. com. The Declaration of Independence: A Transcription. The Charters of Freedom. Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 5th Series, III (Boston, 1877), pp. 436–37. Masshist. org. African Americans and the End of Slavery in Massachusetts. Web. 17 Oct. 2012.

Psychology †Sleeping Disorder Essay

A sleeping disorder that was discussed in Module 7 was Narcolepsy. Many people around the world are affected by this disorder a person with such disorder may go an entire day feeling the urge to sleep and always feeling fatigued. Narcolepsy is defined as a â€Å"Chronic disorder that is marked by excessive sleepiness, usually in the form of sleep attacks or short periods of sleep throughout the day. The sleep attacks are accompanied by brief periods of REM sleep and loss of muscle control, which may be triggered by big emotional changes† (Plotnik 163). A person with this disorder will have an extremely eradicate sleep schedule, which can really hinder a person’s capability to live a normal lifestyle. Research has still yet to discover a concrete answer as to what the main cause of narcolepsy is, however scientists have found genes strongly associated with this disorder. The gene that has been associated with this disorder helps control the production of chemicals in the brain that quite possibly signal the sleep and awake cycles in a person. Researchers think if there is a deficiency in the production of the chemical called hypocretin by the brain then it may result in narcolepsy. Narcolepsy) In association with this discovery, it has also been found there are abnormalities when the brain attempts regulating REM sleep. With these irregularities with REM sleep it is often seen that side effects also develop. Side effects of narcolepsy can be mild to extremely drastic. The most known side effect is excessive daytime sleepiness. A person with narcolepsy is not consistently receiving a full night of healthy sleep which in turn leads to that person being very tired throughout the day. Narcolepsy has many other symptoms, but one notable one is causing the victim to fall asleep in inappropriate places. A person could be doing anything, such as cleaning or driving and just fall asleep. This poses quite an issue because of safety of themselves and others becomes jeopardized. With this disorder still not fully understood it is not easily diagnosed. A doctor may ask for a patient to keep a sleep journal noting their sleep pattern and symptoms over a two week period. A reason it is difficult to tell if narcolepsy should be diagnosed is because many of the symptoms that show up with this disorder are also present in a couple other disorders. Two tests must be completed to confirm a diagnosis of narcolepsy. The first is the Polysomnogram which is an overnight test that measures an individual while they sleep to document any abnormalities. The second is a multiple sleep latency test which is performed in the day to measure a person’s tendency to fall asleep and also measures how long it takes a person to fall asleep. (What is Narcolepsy? ) While it may seem narcolepsy may not be that serious, it can drastically change someone’s life. They are not able to live a normal lifestyle because they could potentially hurt themselves if they fall asleep at the wrong time or place. There is still no cure for this disorder but it is possible to control some of the symptoms with drug treatment. This disorder roughly affects one in every 3,000 people but is stated as severely underdiagnosed. Research is still taking place to find as much information about the disorder, in order to give those patients a great night sleep, and a full day of activities.

Plea of an Aborted Fetus

Every people who reads called a reader. As we read an article or even a story we always make our own interpretation on what we read. Two ways of reading is reading like a reader and reading like a writer. A reading expert named Steve Peha, theorizes that there are two ways of reading, one is reading like a reader. This way of reading is a normal way of reading. According to Peha there are six activities that readers do while they are reading. First is Question, in which we ask question to our self while we are reading. We are curious in happenings and unusual things in the story or text that we read.Questioning helps us to analyze more and to easily understand what we are reading. Second is Predict, as a reader we always predcit and make guesses about what is coming next to the story. Third is Infer, sometimes, readers try to figure out what the writer is saying about the story that are not actually in the text. In this way of reading we readers use our imagination. The fourth one is Connect, readers try ro connect their own story in what they are reading, many stories reminded reader’s life on a story they read. Next is Feel, readers usually feels what the story is saying, many readers express their emotions while reading.Sad parts make them sad, the feelings they express depends on what the story is saying. The last is Evaluate, in this way of reading we try to make judgements on the text or story that we read, we ask questions like, is it a good story? What is the goal of the writer why did he/she write this story? It was just a fine questions for evaluating a story or a text. Another way of reading is reading like a writer. Readers focuses on what the writer is trying to say, they wanted to know different techniques that writers used in making a story or text. Professor Peha enumerates six things readers who are writers pay attention to.One is Ideas, idea is the heart of the story, without this a story can be just a simple story without a beautiful i dea. Second is Organization, this refers to the order of ideas and the way the writer from one idea to the next and how the writer organize the story to be more interesting to read. The third is Voice, this refers to the feeling of the writer’s individual personality through words. The writer just using the characters in the story or text just to express how he/she feels. Fourth is the Word Choice, this refers to the different words and set of phrases that writers used in the text to gather more attention of the reader.Fifth is the Sentence Fluency, this is the rhythm and flow of the structured sentence used by the writer in the text or story. Last is Convention, in making a text we have to be reminded that there are important parts like punctuation, grammar and spelling. Those are things that make writing consistent and easy to read. REACTIONS After I read about Peha’s two type of reading, I just realize that reading is not an easy thing to do, you have to use not onl y just your lips to read and yoyr mind to think.In reading for us to understand it more, we have to be open in what the writer is saying in the text, much more understanding if we feel and connect it in our life. Expressing feelings while reading. I do love how professor Peha generalizes the different types of reading. I just wanted to know how he does it? Even though I really don’t know him I admire him so much, because of what he done in the world of reading. If a person really love to read he/she will appreciate the 6 activities in reading like a reader and reading like a writer.